Ear Surgery
Three bones of the inner ear
- The stapes, the incus, and the malleus
Eustachian tube
- Runs from the middle ear to the oral cavity and equalizes pressures in the middle ear
- If it is damaged, pressure will rise in the middle ear
Types
Stapedectomy
Stapes is removed and replaced with a small plastic tube of stainless-steel wire (a prosthesis) to improve the movement of sound to the inner ear
Tympanoplasty
Reconstruct a perforated tympanic membrane (eardrum) or the small bones of the middle ear
Mastoidectomy
Surgical procedure to remove an infected portion of the bone behind the ear when medical treatment is not effective
Myringotomy and insertion of tympanostomy tubes (M&T)
History of upper respiratory infections, episodes of otitis media
Release of accumulated fluid in the middle ear
Tubes provide long-term ventilation and drainage
Anesthetic considerations
Short procedure (M&T)
Inhalational anesthesia - sevo
FM or LMA
RAE for better access for the surgeon
Ask about NMBD - sometimes not indicated
- Note N2O
- 34 times more diffusible than nitrogen, will move into closed cavities (middle ear). If in use, turn off 30 min before graft placement - it is better to avoid completely
- If the middle ear is open, no pressure build-up, but once the graft has been placed, the middle ear is a closed space, resulting in rising pressures and graft dislodgement
- If N2O is discontinued after graft placement, negative pressure develops, resulting in graft dislodgement
Minimize bleeding and blood loss
- Elevate head slightly, LA with epinephrine, controlled hypotension (MAP 60-70 mmHg)
Minimize cough and straining on extubation while trying to prevent aspiration at the same time
Expect nausea/vomiting
- Zofran (0.1 mg/kg)
- Dexamethasone
- Reglan (0.15 mg/kg)