Laryngoscopy, micro laryngoscopy, esophagoscopy, and bronchoscopy.
Evaluated for hoarseness, stridor, and hemoptysis.
Consider difficult airway, discuss plans with the surgeon and his exam results from his office.
Muscle paralysis to provide masseter muscle relaxation, immobile surgical field, oxygenation and ventilation, and cardiovascular stability
Intubation
Small catheter via trachea for quick procedure
Intermittent-apnea technique (alternates with the surgeon, high risk of increased CO2 and aspiration -monitor O2 sat)
Cardiac disease due to alcohol/smoking
Stress-provoking procedure with intermittent stimulation
Consider regional blocks of the glossy pharyngeal nerve (base of the palatoglossal arch) and superior laryngeal nerve (injection 1cm below each greater cornu of hyoid bone) to minimize labile BP